L.V. Silvanovich
Smoking- A bad habit that adversely affects health, and smoking with diabetes is also very dangerous. Numerous medical studies have proven that smoking in diabetes of type 1 and 2 sucks serious damage to all organs and systems. Nicotine, resins and other harmful substances, which in tobacco smoke are more than 500, weaken the body, affect the heart, blood vessels, metabolism, worsen the permeability of cell membranes for insulin. Smoking exacerbates a number of problems caused by diabetes. The addition of smoking to diabetes actually doubles the risk of diseases and death. Smoking is one of the factors that predict patients with diabetes to various cardiovascular diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases against the background of diabetes in smokers is three times higher than that of non-smokers.
Diabetes mellitus worsens the composition of blood lipids, which leads to a thickening of the walls of blood vessels, increasing the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and damage to blood vessels. Smoking is a risk factor for stroke, worsens blood flow in the lower extremities, which can lead to their amputation.
Among the most active substances that penetrate the body when inhaling cigarette smoke, nicotine, carbon monoxide and heavy resins that penetrate almost all tissues.
Nicotine affects the nervous system, as a result of the rush of blood to the muscles, it intensifies, and weakens to the skin. Because of this, the heartbeat occurs, blood pressure rises sharply. The load on the heart increases, but the blood circulation weakened due to the disease and the weak flow of oxygen lead to impaired myocardial function. As a result, coronary heart disease occurs, angina pectoris, and in severe cases, a heart attack can happen.
Carbon oxide - carbon monoxide - also enters the body with smoke. This poisonous substance without smell directly affects the composition of the blood. Hemoglobin in the blood of the smoker partially turns into carboxin, which is not able to transfer oxygen to cells. The tissues feel oxygen starvation, and a person feels the strongest fatigue, quickly gets tired and cannot withstand even slight physical activity.
Alcohol consumptionWith diabetes, it is always dangerous, since alcohol blocks the flow of carbohydrates into the blood from the liver, which can lead to severe delayed hypoglycemia. Moreover, it is impossible to eliminate such hypoglycemia by the introduction of glucagon injection, but only by taking rapidly digestible carbohydrates (sweets, sugar, intravenous introduction of glucose). Such hypoglycemia is poorly treated, often end with hospitalization.
A decrease in sugar levels can occur at night due to the specific delay in alcohol hypoglycemia, so before bedtime it is necessary to eat a portion of slowly digestible carbohydrates. Before drinking alcohol, you need to eat (salads, bread) so that alcohol is absorbed more slowly.
It must be remembered that sweet and semi -sweet wines, champagne, liquors contain a large amount of rapidly digestible carbohydrates and quickly increase blood sugar. Carbonated alcohol also contribute to the rapid absorption of alcohol into the blood. It is not recommended to use them for diabetes at all.
Remember that the uncontrolled abuse of alcohol in general and, especially, in the presence of diabetes mellitus, can lead to irreversible changes in the liver, the development of alimentary hepatitis and cirrhosis, irreversible changes in the brain.
Overeating, excessive use of rapidly digestible carbohydrates, a sedentary lifestyle is also the “bad habits” of our time.
Semi-finished products, “fast food”, sausages, sausages contain more than 30% of “hidden” fat. To improve taste, they are smoked, artificial dyes, preservatives, flavors, flavors of taste, salt in large quantities are added - all this does not affect health. With constant use of high -calorie products with a large amount of carbohydrates, the need for insulin increases, sensitivity to insulin decreases. Blood sugar rises. Insulin is a hormone whose receptors are also on fat cells, so the release of insulin helps to increase the accumulation of adipose tissue, “internal obesity” (obesity of internal organs). For patients on insulin therapy, an increase in the dose of introduced insulins leads to the same effect. A quick emission of insulin leads to an increase in appetite, and this is a vicious circle.
An important indicator of obesity is the circumference of the waist and the body mass index.
The waist circumference in men should not exceed 94 cm, in women- 80 cm.
The body mass index is normal: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2.
The more pronounced obesity (more body mass index and waist circle), the more difficult it is to reduce blood sugar and achieve diabetes compensation.
