If we talk about defeats of the organ of vision in diabetes, it is first of all to note that the retina is most often affected. This is called diabetic retinopathy. Such a defeat is certainly extremely dangerous in that until the moment of impaired vision, it may not manifest itself. As a rule, there are no sensations of pain and discomfort.
Factors provoking the development of diabetic retinopathy are: prolonged hyperglycemia (i.e., unattion of the target values of glycemia and glycated hemoglobin), vibrations of glycemia (frequent hypoglycemia and the following hyperglycemia), constantly high values of blood pressure (more than 130/80 mm Hg), increased cholesterol and increased cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol and increased cholesterol and increased cholesterol. triglycerides. All these factors lead to the fact that the retina receives little nutrients and oxygen. With their deficiency, factors that stimulate the growth of new vessels begin to stand out. However, these newly formed vessels are not able to fully function: often they stupidly closed and, overflowing with blood, lead to hemorrhages; The walls of such blood vessels are not able to fully convey the structures that are nearby all the important substances necessary for their functioning. The formation of newly formed vessels can begin on the periphery of the retina, far from the place of the central part of the retina, responsible for visual acuity and color pricking. Therefore, this is not felt for a long time. When the pathological process is already capturing the macula (the central part of the retina), complaints about the feeling of fog, fuzzy vision may appear. In this case, you should immediately contact a specialist.
In order to prevent visual impairment, two rules must be followed:
- Strictly monitor the satisfactory compensation of diabetes, which consists in maintaining good glycemic control, normal values of blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides.
- An annual examination by an ophthalmologist with a Fundus-Linza is annually.
Unfortunately, it is not always possible to avoid the development of diabetic retinopathy. In case of detection of this chronic complication, the ophthalmologist determines the presence of indications for special treatment. There are several types of treatment. Laser photocoagulation can be used, which is aimed at preventing the development of newly formed vessels. Special drugs can also be prescribed, which are aimed at suspension of the allocation of factors that stimulate the development of imperfect vessels.
Ophthalmologist of the Minsk City Clinical Endocrinological Center K.A. Polinkin
