Malaria continues to be one of the most common diseases in the world. Every year, in the countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and some European states, over 500 million people get sick, of which more than a million dies.
Malaria- a parasitic disease that is caused by blood parasites (malaria plasmodia).
The transfer of the causative agents of malariaIt is carried out from the sick person to healthy through bites of infected mosquitoes. It is also possible to infect blood transfusion obtained from parasitic carriers and intrauterine infection.
During the bite of malaria mosquitoes, the parasites are circulated in the blood, and then they are entered in the liver, in the cells of which they develop.
There are 4 types of malaria:Tropical, three-day, four-day and ovale-malaria.
Incubation or hidden period(the period from the moment of infection to the appearance of kinic symptoms) ranges from seven days to several months or even years.Such an amplitude depends on the type of malaria, with tropical malaria, the incubation period is short.
Clinical symptoms of malariaThey are distinguished by a significant variety. The most characteristic signs of the disease are feverish attacks with short-term chills, high body temperature, head and muscle pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, urinary retention-a similar condition holds for 6-8 hours and ends with a sharp drop in body temperature (up to 35-35.6 ° C) and abundant regeneration; Attacks are repeated after 1-2 days, but can continue without changes in body temperature. With untimely starting treatment, the patient increases the liver and spleen.
The most dangerous tropical malaria due to the high probability of the development of complications (anemia, jaundice, cramps, neurological disorders, pulmonary edema, renal failure, coma) and adverse outcomes associated with them. Of the total number of deaths of malaria registered in the world, 96% - 98% caused by tropical malaria.
In the Republic of Belarus, including in Minsk, the circulation of the pathogens of malaria is absent and this disease can be infected only when leaving the country endemic in malaria (i.e., where cases of local malaria are recorded).Upon being in such countries, a person risks getting sick already in the second week of stay, the threat of the disease remains and after returning from the countries dysfunctional in malaria.
In the city of Minsk, from 2001 to 2015, in most cases, the disease was observed in citizens who arrived from the epidemiological and reciprocal in malaria of African countries (Nigeria, Guinea, Cat-D'Ivoire, Gana, etc.), tropical malaria prevailed in the species composition. Since 2016, in Minsk, cases of malaria are predominantly recorded in citizens who have arrived from Asia and South America (India (GOA), Venezuela, Gayan), three -day malaria dominates the species composition.
Individual prevention of malariaFor persons traveling to the country's epidemiological -deposit in malaria, it consists of chemoprophylaxis (administration of antimalarial drugs) and protection against mosquito bites.
ChemistryIt is carried out as prescribed by a doctor. The use of antimlarial drugs must be started a week before departure, carry out the entire period of stay and 4-6 weeks after returning from the region’s dysfunctional in malaria.
Given that in many tropical countries, drug -resistant malaria is common, in addition to chemoprophylaxis
Closed medications with them, on foreign trips, it is recommended to purchase antimlarial drugs used to treat the disease in these regions.
To protect against mosquito bitesIn the open air, open areas of the body of the body with reppelents (drugs that repel insects) should be treated. The premises are seized with windows, the installation of cream marlers, the destruction of flying mosquitoes with insecticid agents using electro -sparrothelifumigators.
In case of symptoms of malaria after returning from traveling to endemic countries, it is urgent to seek medical help.
Compliance with the recommendations and rules of personal hygiene, as well as timely seeking medical help, will maintain health.
