Measles are an acute, infectious disease caused by the virus,characterized by fever, general intoxication, maculopapulusal rash, defeat of the conjunctiva and the upper departments of the respiratory tract.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 40 million cases of measles are noted annually in the world.
Source of infection- Only a sick person whose infection can be 11 (maximum 16) days:
In addition to man, other tanks of the measles virus are not described in nature.
The path of its transmission is airborne. Droplets of mucus and exudate, released during coughing, sneezing, screaming, crying, conversation and measles virus, fall from the patient through the air on the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract of susceptible people. Unlike the causative agents of whooping cough, tuberculosis and other diseases, the measles virus with air flows can spread at considerable distances from the patient. That's whyhArming is possible both with close communication and when being in neighboring rooms. Due to the low stability of the virus in the external environment of infection by measles through contaminated objects, there is practically no. Persons who have not crowned and not vaccinated against her remain highly susceptible to measles throughout life and can get sick at any age.
The incubation periodlasts 8–21 days (average 10 days).
Initial, or prodromal period (3-4 days)It is characterized by an increase in body temperature to 38–39 ° C, breakdown, general malaise, decrease in appetite. A runny nose is enhanced, a rough “barking” cough appears, hyperemia is pronounced. The indigenous enantem appears in the form of small red spots located on the mucous membrane of the soft and hard sky.
The root rash is characterized by the stage of rashes:
- On the 1st day, the elements of the rash appear on the face, neck;
- On the 2nd day-on the body, hands and hips;
- On the 3rd day, the rash captures the legs and feet, and begins to turn pale on the face.
The most thick elements of the rash are located on the face, neck and upper body.
The rashes consist of small papules (about 2 mm), are surrounded by irregular shape with a spot, a diameter of the spot, usually more than 10 mm.
Elements of the rash are prone to merger, forming complex figures with festone edges. However, even with a thick rash, you can find areas of completely normal skin. After 3-4 days, the elements of the rash turn pale, in their place, brownish spots remain - pigmentation, especially pronounced and prolonged in the presence of hemorrhagic transformations of the rash. At the site of the rash, cut -shaped peeling (on the face and body) is observed in the future.
Severe conjunctivitis is characteristic, sometimes with purulent separated, gluing eyelashes in the morning.
Some patients have abdominal pain, liquid stool.
Prevention.
The most effective means of measles protection is vaccinations,who spend children aged 1 year and 6-7 years (before entering school). The anti -corn vaccine provides prolonged immunity.
