One of the most urgent problems of scientific medicine and practical health care of the early XXI century are diseases of the circulatory system (BSK). These diseases occupy a leading place among all causes of death in most economically developed countries of the world.
CholesterolIt is a special fat -like substance. It is part of all organs and tissues. Including, the compound is contained in cell membranes, many hormones are produced from it. For example, sexual. In addition, cholesterol is necessary to maintain the correct operation of the central nervous system, the regulation of the food digestion process.
Thus, cholesterol is vital for a person. Most cholesterol is produced in the liver. In addition, cholesterol enters the body with food. In the blood, cholesterol is associated with certain particles (cholesterol + protein), which are called lipoproteins. Particles have different density and different properties.
Lipoproteins of low density (LDL) and very low density (LOPP) are distinguished. The latter are called “bad” due to the fact that they deliver cholesterol to the wall of the vessel, which subsequently leads to blockage of the clearance, that is, to the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. They are called upon to remove cholesterol from the walls of the vessels "good" high density lipoproteins (HDLs).
With the exception of a small number of people with hereditary hypercholesterolemia, the level of cholesterol is usually associated with malnutrition.
Rational nutrition is a balanced, regular (at least 4 times a day) nutrition with restriction of salt consumption.Scientists' studies have shown that if you limit the use of salt, the risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiac disasters may decrease by 25 %. It is very useful to increase the use of products containing potassium and magnesium (sea cabbage, raisins, beets, apricots, zucchini, pumpkin, buckwheat).
When choosing healthy foodAll patients should receive professional consultation on the choice of food and observe a diet that is associated with a minimum risk of SVD.
General recommendations(are determined in accordance with cultural traditions) The following:
- Food should be diverse, energy consumption should be optimal for maintaining perfect weight;
- The consumption of the following products should be encouraged: fruits and vegetables, whole grains of cereals and bread, low -fat dairy products, low -fat meat, fish;
- It is recommended to consume products containing fish oil and omega-3, which have special protective properties;
- The total content of fats should be no more than 30% of the total energy composition, and the content of saturated fats should not exceed a third of all fat used; The amount of total cholesterol consumed should be less than 300 mg/day;
- With an isulloloric diet, saturated fats should be replaced by partially carbohydrates, partially with monoen -saturated and polyunsaturated fats of vegetables and marine animals.
For the prevention of atherosclerosis, it is recommended to consume more fruits - at least 400 g or 5 servings per day: 1 portion = 1 apple/1 batanan/1 -apelsin/1 bars/2 kiviv/2 -sized/1 tablespoon of dried fruits/1 large slice of melon or pineapple/1 glass of juice. The number of boiled or fresh vegetables in the diet should be at least 400 g (2 cups).
Basic principlesfood recommended for the prevention of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia (Dyslipidemia -This a hereditary or acquired state, characterized by a violation of education, metabolism and excretion from the circulation of lipoproteins and fats, which leads to an increase or decrease in their blood content):
- regular consumption of various vegetables, fruits (fresh vegetables for dessert);
- The ratio between saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fats should be 1: 1: 1;
- moderate consumption of dairy products (removed milk, low fat cheese and low -fat yogurt);
- fish and poultry (without skin) give preference to meat products;
- From meat products, choose meat without fat layers;
- use no more than 2-3 eggs per week (the use of yolks is limited, but not a protein that can not be limited).
In conclusion, it should be noted that even small changes made in a lifestyle can slow down the aging of the heart. It's never too late to start a healthy lifestyle. After the person’s emergence of IBS, risk factors continue to act, contributing to the progression of the disease and a worsening prognosis, therefore their correction should be an integral part of the treatment tactics.
Author:Malaya T.V.
Deputy Chief physician for medical part
